function alignCell()
{
document.getElementById('td1').align="right"
}
<table border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>-----名-----</th>
<th>-----姓-----</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="td1">John</td>
<td>Adams</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<form>
<input type="button" onclick="alignCell()" value="对齐 'John' 单元格">
</form>