function insCell()
{
var x=document.getElementById('tr2').insertCell(0)
x.innerHTML="John"
}
<table border="1">
<tbody>
<tr id="tr1">
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
</tr>
<tr id="tr2">
<td>Peter</td>
<td>Griffin</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<input type="button" onclick="insCell()" value="插入单元">