限制条款

Impala中的limit子句用于将结果集的行数限制为所需的数，即查询的结果集不包含超过指定限制的记录。

语法

以下是Impala中Limit子句的语法。

select * from table_name order by id limit numerical_expression;

例

假设我们在数据库my_db中有一个名为customers的表，其内容如下 -

[quickstart.cloudera:21000] > select * from customers; 
Query: select * from customers 
+----+----------+-----+-----------+--------+ 
| id | name     | age | address   | salary | 
+----+----------+-----+-----------+--------+ 
| 3  | kaushik  | 23  | Kota      | 30000  | 
| 6  | Komal    | 22  | MP        | 32000  | 
| 1  | Ramesh   | 32  | Ahmedabad | 20000  | 
| 5  | Hardik   | 27  | Bhopal    | 40000  | 
| 2  | Khilan   | 25  | Delhi     | 15000  | 
| 8  | ram      | 22  | vizag     | 31000  | 
| 9  | robert   | 23  | banglore  | 28000  | 
| 7  | ram      | 25  | chennai   | 23000  | 
| 4  | Chaitali | 25  | Mumbai    | 35000  | 
+----+----------+-----+-----------+--------+ 
Fetched 9 row(s) in 0.51s

您可以使用order by子句按照id的升序排列表中的记录，如下所示。

[quickstart.cloudera:21000] > select * from customers order by id; 
Query: select * from customers order by id 
+----+----------+-----+-----------+--------+ 
| id | name     | age | address   | salary | 
+----+----------+-----+-----------+--------+ 
| 1  | Ramesh   | 32  | Ahmedabad | 20000  | 
| 2  | Khilan   | 25  | Delhi     | 15000  | 
| 3  | kaushik  | 23  | Kota      | 30000  | 
| 4  | Chaitali | 25  | Mumbai    | 35000  | 
| 5  | Hardik   | 27  | Bhopal    | 40000  | 
| 6  | Komal    | 22  | MP        | 32000  | 
| 7  | ram      | 25  | chennai   | 23000  | 
| 8  | ram      | 22  | vizag     | 31000  |
| 9  | robert   | 23  | banglore  | 28000  | 
+----+----------+-----+-----------+--------+ 
Fetched 9 row(s) in 0.54s

现在，使用limit子句，您可以将输出的记录数限制为4，使用limit子句如下所示。

[quickstart.cloudera:21000] > select * from customers order by id limit 4;

执行时，上述查询给出以下输出。

Query: select * from customers order by id limit 4 
+----+----------+-----+-----------+--------+ 
| id | name     | age | address   | salary | 
+----+----------+-----+-----------+--------+ 
| 1  | Ramesh   | 32  | Ahmedabad | 20000  | 
| 2  | Khilan   | 25  | Delhi     | 15000  |
| 3  | kaushik  | 23  | Kota      | 30000  | 
| 4  | Chaitali | 25  | Mumbai    | 35000  | 
+----+----------+-----+-----------+--------+ 
Fetched 4 row(s) in 0.64s