HAVING 子句

　在 SQL 中增加 HAVING 子句原因是，WHERE 关键字无法与 Aggregate 函数一起使用。

　HAVING子句已添加到SQL中，因为WHERE关键字不能用于聚合函数。

SQL HAVING 语法

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
GROUP BY column_name(s)
HAVING condition
ORDER BY column_name(s);

演示数据库

　以下是罗斯文示例数据库中"Customers"表的选择：

SQL HAVING示例

　以下SQL语句列出了每个国家/地区的客户数量。只包括超过5位客户的国家/地区：

SELECT COUNT(CustomerID), Country
FROM Customers
GROUP BY Country
HAVING COUNT(CustomerID) > 5;

以下SQL语句列出每个国家的客户数量，从高到低排序（仅包括拥有超过5名客户的国家/地区）：

SELECT COUNT(CustomerID), Country
FROM Customers
GROUP BY Country
HAVING COUNT(CustomerID) > 5
ORDER BY COUNT(CustomerID) DESC;

演示数据库

　以下是罗斯文示例数据库中"Orders"表的一个选择：

并从"Employees"表中选择：

更多HAVING示例

　以下SQL语句列出已注册超过10个订单的员工：

SELECT Employees.LastName, COUNT(Orders.OrderID) AS NumberOfOrders
FROM (Orders
INNER JOIN Employees ON Orders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID)
GROUP BY LastName
HAVING COUNT(Orders.OrderID) > 10;

以下SQL语句列出员工“Davolio”或“Fuller”是否已注册超过25个订单：

SELECT Employees.LastName, COUNT(Orders.OrderID) AS NumberOfOrders
FROM Orders
INNER JOIN Employees ON Orders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID
WHERE LastName = 'Davolio' OR LastName = 'Fuller'
GROUP BY LastName
HAVING COUNT(Orders.OrderID) > 25;